Archive for the ‘ Books ’ Category

What I’m Reading- Keynes: Return of the Master by Robert Skidelsky

So, I picked up a few books recently that I hope to finish while I’m on a glorious vacation over the next few weeks. Interestingly enough, I’m visiting the land of the man this book is based upon, John Maynard Keynes. The book, Keynes: The Return of the Master, was written by Robert Skidelsky, Emeritus Professor of Political Economy at the University of Warwick. I’m excited to study Keynes a little deeper, a man who I seem to identify with, at least when it comes to a deep passion for both economics and the arts. Money quotes from the introduction so far:

-”Nor was Keynes a tax-and-spend fanatic. At the end of his life he wondered whether a government take more than 25% of the national income was a good thing. Nor did Keynes believe that all unemployment was  caused by failure of aggregate demand. He was close to Milton Friedman in viewing a lot of it as due to inflexible wages and prices…”

-”Keynes was not an inflationist. He believed in stable prices, and for much of his career he thought that central governments could achieve price stability…”

-”I believe, though, that the recent crisis confirms the validity of the Keynesian ‘spending’ thesis. That is why the return of the Master is such an urgent necessity.”

And if you’re wondering who the heck is John Maynard Keynes, check this video out of Keynes and Hayek in the midst of a serious rap battle:

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Animal Farm – A pre-WWII Critique on Communism

Animal FarmGeorge Orwell’s novel “contre Stalin,” was published in 1945 and written regarding the events leading up to pre-WWII Stalinism. Orwell, being a English democratic socialist was greatly opposed to Stalinism, which he saw as merely a reformed Capitalism rather than true Marxism.

Full of satire and blunt allegory, Orwell depicts a society that develops from a post-revolution utopia only to degrade to a corrupted facade of communism.

The plot may be summarized as follows – In rural England there is a farm where the animals are mistreated. It is owned by the drunkard, Mr. Jones. Inspired by the anthem “Beasts of England” and the dying wish of an old boar named, “Old Major,” the animals revolt and expel Jones and his wife from the property of Manor Farm. They rename it Animal Farm and establish a utopian society under the principles of “Animalism,” a philosophy that mirrors that of the Soviet Union. The central tenet of Animalism being, “All animals are equal.”

Leadership is taken up by two pigs, named Snowball(allegorically White Russian) and Napoleon(allegorically Red Russians). Through numerous political conflicts and upheaval, Snowball is exiled and sentenced to death, leaving Napoleon in charge. After he assumes leadership, the pigs start subjugating the other animals through the slow process of reducing rations, increasing labor, and revoking privileges. Through increased political manipulation, public purging and executions, and psychological conditioning the “working class” animals fail to realize the situation they are in.

As the years pass, the central tenet of Animalism is reduced to “All animals are equal, but, some are more equal than others.” Alliances are made with the humans and the pigs begin to mimic their behaviors so that they are indistinguishable.

The novella addresses not only the problem of absolute power leading to corruption, but, also how indifference, greed, ignorance, and gluttony destroy any hope of Utopia.

Animal Farm is considered by Time Magazine to be one of the best Top 100 English Language books. The story is a must read by anybody with interest in political or social sciences, intellectual satire, or a good story with a strong message.

“Long live Animal Farm!”

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